Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2CO.
Agricultural use
Urea is used as a nitrogen release fertilizer as it hydrolyses back to ammonia and carbon dioxide, but its most common impurity, biuret, must be present at less than 2% as it impairs plant growth. It is also used in many multi-component solid fertilizer formulations. Its action of nitrogen release is due to the conditions favouring the reagent side of the equilibriums which produce urea.
Urea is usually spread at rates of between 40 and 300 kg/ha, but actual spreading rates will vary according to farm type and region. It is better to make several small to medium applications at intervals to minimise leaching losses and increase efficient use of the N applied compared with single heavy applications.
During summer, urea should be spread just before, or during rain to reduce possible losses from volatilisation (process where nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere as ammonia gas). Urea should not be mixed for any length of time with other fertilizers as problems of physical quality may result.
Because of the high nitrogen concentration in urea, it is very important to achieve an even spread. Make sure that the application equipment has been correctly calibrated and is properly used. Do not drill on contact with or close to seed, due to the risk of germination damage. Urea dissolves in water for application as a spray or through irrigation systems.
In grain and cotton crops, urea is often applied at the time of the last cultivation before planting. It should be applied into, or be incorporated into the soil. In high rainfall areas and on sandy soils (where nitrogen can be lost through leaching) and where good in-season rainfall is expected, urea can be side or top-dressed during the growing season. Top-dressing is also popular on pasture and forage crops. In sugarcane, urea is side-dressed after planting, and applied to each ratoon crop (see ratooning).
In irrigated crops, urea can be applied dry to the soil, or dissolved and applied through the irrigation water. Urea will dissolve in its own weight in water, but it becomes increasingly difficult to dissolve as the concentration increases. Dissolving urea in water is endothermic, causing the temperature of the solution to fall when urea dissolves.
As a practical guide, when preparing urea solutions for fertigation (injection into irrigation lines), dissolve no more than 30 kg urea per 100 L water.
In foliar sprays, urea concentrations of 0.5 � 2.0% are often used in horticultural crops. As urea sprays may damage crop foliage, specific advice should be sought before use. Low biuret grades of urea should be used if urea sprays are to be applied regularly or to sensitive horticultural crops.
Storage of urea fertilizer
Like most nitrogen products, urea absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. Therefore it should be stored either in closed/sealed bags on pallets, or if stored in bulk, covered with a tarpaulin. As with most solid fertilizers, it should also be stored in a cool, dry, well ventilated area.
Industrial use
Urea has the ability to form 'loose compounds' with many organic compounds. The organic compounds are held in channels formed by interpenetrating helices comprising of hydrogen bonded urea molecules. This behaviour can be used to separate mixtures and has been used in the production of aviation fuel and lubricating oils. As the helices are interconnected all helices in a crystal must have the same 'handedness'. This is determined when the crystal is nucleated and can thus be forced by seeding. This property has been used to separate racemic mixtures.
PRICELIST UREA 46
| QUANTITY | PRICE USD$ | ||
| ( In MT ) | PER MT CIF | ||
| SPOTS & TERMS | prilled | granular | |
| 12.500 x 12 = 150.000 25.000 x 12 = 300.000 50.000 x12 = 600.000 100.000 x 12 = 1.200,000 200.000 x 12 = 2.400,000 | 280,00 275,00 270,00 240,00 230,00 | 290,00 285,00 280,00 250,00 240,00 | |
| Contracts to 24 months possible | | | |
Orign.: Russia or Sellers Option
Delivery Terms: only CIF ASWP (not FOB/DAF-Railway)
Payment : generell SBLC or BG Top 25 World Bank for 2 months, then DLC or
COD
Price Subject to final Confirmations
For Delivery Iraque /Iran add +12 US $ /MT (Iranian Bank SBLC/BG is not acceptable!)
NIGERIA, GHANA ,SUDAN, generally not possible !
Not ASIAN- BANKS !
Procedere:
LOI or ICPO with full Bank Details
FCO
FCO from Buyer counter signed
MFPA Buyers /Sellersmandate
Draftcontract Seller
Drafcontract Buyer signed �back to Seller
Hardcopys Seller to Buyer
PAYMENT/BANK: Hardcopy will be send to buyersbank
Buyer will provide POF in form of a Blocked Funds Letter by SWIFT
saying :that the funds of the value of (2)two months shipment are blocked and reserved in favour of the Seller for the transaction for 21 days.
Seller will immediately provide POP and will issue the 2%PB in the value of the Buyers bank
Delivery Procedure starts with in 21 days after Buyer issued the BG/SBLC
First Shipment within 20 days after Providing the BG/SBLC
Delivery /Payment CAD (Cash against Documents)
(Bill of Lading, SGS-Report, Shipment-Docs)
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